25.09.2023. » 14:55
OP - ED Position of minority communities in Kosovo and their access to human rights
After the 1990s, conflicts and wars have left deep scars on the relationships of minority communities in Kosovo. Despite Kosovo gaining independence in 2008, the position of minority communities remains challenging.
After the 1990s, conflicts and wars have left deep scars on the relationships of minority communities in Kosovo. Despite Kosovo gaining independence in 2008, the position of minority communities remains challenging.
The Constitution of Kosovo, as the highest legal document, defines Kosovo as a multi-ethnic society consisting of Albanian, Serbian, Bosniak, Romani, Gorani, and Turkish communities. There are two other groups, Croats and Montenegrins, which were recognized as communities after the declaration of independence and are therefore not included in the Constitution of Kosovo. Additionally, this article of the Constitution emphasizes the principles of equality and protection of the rights and participation of all communities and their members (Kosovo Constitution 2008).
The legal framework in Kosovo regarding the rights of communities is quite rich, adopted after the declaration of independence (largely based on the Ahtisaari Plan from 2007). Kosovo, as a multi-ethnic territory, faces numerous challenges regarding the position of minority communities and their access to human rights. Kosovo lags behind in fully integrating minorities into the political, social, and economic life of the country and in respecting the national legal framework and international standards for minority rights. The issue of respecting human rights and minority rights in Kosovo is extremely complex and requires careful consideration. Although there is legal protection of human rights on paper, it is often not respected and implemented in practice, with a lack of political will cited as a reason.
The problems faced by minority communities can vary depending on the specific context and location. However, some common challenges that minority communities often face include marginalization, discrimination in many aspects of life, including employment, access to education, and healthcare. Incidents of violence and attacks on property and religious sites against minorities occasionally occur. Minority communities face limited access to education in their mother tongue, which restricts their ability to preserve their culture and identity and creates a barrier to quality education. Communities in Northern Kosovo face violations of their human rights. The fulfillment and respect of human rights guaranteed by the Constitution, current laws, and other applicable international acts are prevented.
Ethnic tensions and conflicts often arise from misunderstandings, mistrust, and antagonism among minority communities. Collaboration among communities is necessary for members of these communities to actively communicate, cooperate, and exchange perspectives through dialogue to reduce tensions and build a prosperous society. It is also essential for minority communities to be more involved in the political process, in decision-making, and in governance at the local and national levels, similar to majority communities. This would ensure the protection and respect of minority rights and make their voices heard. Through inclusivity, minority communities become active actors in society, leading to stability and balance. Creating a multi-ethnic identity promotes a sense of belonging and the achievement of common goals, focusing on the future instead of past conflicts. Interethnic cooperation and an inclusive approach lay the foundation for building a tolerant, equitable society capable of overcoming ethnic tensions, promoting prosperity, and preserving peace. Such principles are crucial for achieving a stable and prosperous society in Kosovo.
It is important to note that the specific problems and experiences of all minority communities can be very different and require tailored solutions, time, and support.
Ajsa Berisa,
Activist
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